Psychosis spectrum

Johnstone, S. J., Wong, C., Girard, T. A., & Kim, H. S. (2024). Distal and proximal risk factors of problematic cannabis use associated with psychotic-like experiences. Addictive Behaviors, 152, 107978. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107978

Johnstone, S. J., Wong, C., Pun, C., Girard, T. A., & Kim, H. S. (2024). Endorsement of psychotic-like experiences and problematic cannabis use predict worse executive functioning performance in undergraduates. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 254, 111054. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111054

Zawadzki, J. A., Girard, T. A., Samsom, J., Foussias, G., Siddiqui, I., Lerch, J. P., Grady, C. & Wong, A. H. C. (2024). Excessive left anterior hippocampal and caudate activation in schizophrenia underlie cognitive underperformance in a virtual navigation task. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 341, 111826. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111826

Courtenay, K., Wong, A. H. C., Patel, R., & Girard, T. A. (2022). Emotional memory for facial expressions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: The role of encoding method. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 146, 43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.026

Zheng, S., Marcos, M., Stewart, K.E., Szabo, J., Pawluk, E., Girard, T. A., & Koerner, N. (2022). Worry, intolerance of uncertainty, negative urgency, and their associations to paranoid thinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111382. doi: org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.11138

Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., Christensen, B. K., King, J., Kiang, M., & Bohbot, V. D. (2019). Spontaneous spatial navigation circuitry in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Research, 278, 125-128. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.032

Girard, T. A., Wilkins, L. K., Lyons, K. M., Yang, L., & Christensen, B. K. (2018). Traditional test administration and proactive interference undermine visual-spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 23, 242-253. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1479248

Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., Herdman, K. A., Christensen, B. K., King, J., Kiang, M., & Bohbot, V. D. (2017). Hippocampal activation and memory performance in schizophrenia depend on strategy use in a virtual maze. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 268, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.07.007

Girard, T.A., Lakatos, L., & Menon, M. (2017). Abberant modulation of brain activation by emotional valence during self-referential processing among patients with delusions of reference. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 56, 21-26. doi: 1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.007

Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., Konishi, K., King, M., Herdman, K. A., King, J., Christensen, B. K., & Bohbot, V. D. (2013). Selective deficit in spatial memory strategies contrast to intact response strategies in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders tested in a virtual navigation task. Hippocampus, 23, 1015–1024.

Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., King, J., King, M., Herdman, K. A., Christensen, B. K., & King, J. (2013). Differential viewpoint-independent and viewpoint-dependent memory performance in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35, 1082-1093.

Zawadzki, J. A., Girard, T. A., Foussias, G., Rodrigues, A., Siddiqui, I., Lerch, J. P., Grady, C., Remington, G., Wong, A. H. C. (2013). Simulating real world functioning in schizophrenia using a naturalistic city environment and single-trial, goal-directed navigation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 108.

Girard, T.A., Christensen, B.K., & Rizvi, S. (2010). Visual-spatial episodic memory in Schizophrenia: A multiple systems framework. Neuropsychology, 24 (3), 368-378. Also reprinted in 2014 in Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 1(S), 91-105.

Addington, J., Girard, T. A., Christensen, B. K., & Addington, D. (2010). Social cognition mediates illness related and cognitive influences on social functioning in Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 35, 49-54.

Brain, trauma, and stress

Zalai, M. D., Girard, T. A., Cusimano, M. D., & Shapiro, C. M. (2020). Circadian rhythm in the assessment of postconcussion insomnia: A cross-sectional, observational study, CMAJ Open, 8(1), E142-E147. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20190137

Malivoire, B. L., Girard, T. A., Monson, C. M., & Patel, R. (2018). Functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in PTSD: Relations with symptoms. BMC Psychiatry, 18, 129. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1716-9.

Patel, R., Girard, T. A., Pukay-Martin, N., & Monson, C. (2015). Preferential recruitment of the basolateral amygdala during memory encoding of negative scenes in posttraumatic disorder. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 130, 170-176. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.02.003

Patel, R., Spreng, R. N., Shin, L. M., & Girard, T. A. (2012). The functional neuroanatomy of post-traumatic stress disorder: A quantitative meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 2130-2142.

Other Imaging or Memory Studies

Johnstone, S., Courtenay, K., & Girard, T. A. (2023). Stereotype threat contributes to poorer recall performance among undergraduate students with problematic drinking patterns. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 32(2), 236-244. doi: 10.1037/pha0000680

Patel, R., Fredborg, B. K., & Girard, T. A. (2023). Modulation of emotion-enhanced recollection by gender and task instructions. Emotion, 23(6), 1764-1772. doi: 10.1037/emo0001196

King, M. J., Girard, T. A., Benjamin, A.S., & Christensen, B.K. (2023). Strategic regulation of memory in dsyphoria: A quantity-accuracy profile analysis. Memory, 31(7), 948-961. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2212429

King, M. J., Courtenay, K., Christensen, B. K., Benjamin, A. S., & Girard, T. A. (2023). Lower memory specificity in individuals with dysphoria is not specific to autobiographical memory. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325, 542-549. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.040

Cognitive Assessment

Girard, T. A., Axelrod, B. N., *Patel, R., & Crawford, J. R. (2015). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV dyads for estimating global intelligence. Assessment, 22, 441-448.

Girard, T.A., Axelrod, B.N., & *Wilkins, L. (2010). Comparison of WAIS-III short-forms for measuring index and full-scale scores. Assessment, 17, 400-405.

Girard, T.A., & Christensen, B.K. (2008). Clarifying problems and offering solutions for correlated error when assessing the validity of selected-subtest short forms. Psychological Assessment, 20, 76-80.

Christensen, B.K., Girard, T.A., & Bagby, R.M. (2007). WAIS-III short form for Index and IQ scores in a psychiatric population. Psychological Assessment, 19(2): 236-240.

Sleep paralysis and anomalous experiences

Girard, T. A. (2013). The seahorse, the almond, and the night-mare: Elaborative encoding during sleep-paralysis hallucinations? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 618-619.

Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2012). Anomalous bodily-self experiences among recreational ketamine users. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 17, 415-430.

Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2011). Ketamine is primary predictor of OBEs associated with multiple substance use. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 943-950.

Cheyne, J.A. & Girard, T.A. (2009). The Body Unbound: Vestibular-Motor Hallucinations and Out-of-Body Experiences. Cortex, 45, 201-215.

Girard, T.A., Martius, D.L.M.A., & Cheyne, J.A. (2007). Mental representation of space: Insights from an oblique distribution of hallucinations. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1257-1269.

Cheyne, J.A. & Girard, T.A. (2007). Paranoid delusions and threatening hallucinations: A prospective study of sleep paralysis experiences. Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 959-974.

Cheyne, J.A. & Girard, T.A. (2007). The nature and varieties of felt presence experiences: A reply to Nielsen. Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 984-991.

Girard, T.A. & Cheyne, J.A. (2006). Timing of spontaneous sleep paralysis episodes. Journal of Sleep Research, 15, 222-229.

Note: This represents a list of lab publications since 2006 when Dr. Girard started at Toronto Metropolitan University. Dr. Girard and lab members also have various additional publications via collaborations with other labs not listed here. For additional publications see: Research Gate, ORCID, Google Scholar